»¶Ó­Äú·ÃÎʳ¤³ÇСվ!!¡¡¡¡ Äúµ±Ç°µÄλÖ㺳¤³ÇרÌâ -> ³¤³ÇÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ -> ³¤³ÇÎÄÏ××ÊÁÏ¿â[ µÇ¼ ]/[ ×¢²á ]  

¡¡
³¤³ÇÎÄÏ××ÊÁÏ¿â
Ö¾Ô¸ÕßÈë¿Ú

[ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷]
¡¤´øÍ¼±êµÄͼÊ飬±íÃ÷ÔÚ¿âÖÐÓÐÈ«ÎÄ¡£
¡¤´øÍ¼±êµÄͼÊ飬±íÃ÷ÓÐÍⲿ²Î¿¼Á´½Ó¡£
¡¤´øÍ¼±êµÄͼÊ飬±íÃ÷ÔÚ¿âÖÐÓÐPDFÏÂÔØ¡£

RSS 1.0
RSS 2.0

[Ïà¹ØÁ´½Ó]
»¶Ó­·ÃÎÊСվ³¤³ÇÊý¾Ý¿âϵÁУº
¡¤Öйú³¤³Ç½¨ÖþÊý¾Ý¿â
¡¤Öйú³¤³ÇµØÀíÐÅϢϵͳ
¡¤³¤³ÇСվ¹È¸è³¤³ÇרÌâ
¡¤Öйú³¤³Ç±®¿ÌÃú¿ÌÊý¾Ý¿â
¡¤Öйú¹Å³ÇǽÊý¾Ý¼¯
¡¤³¤³Ç¡¢³ÇǽÓßµØÍ¼¿â
¡¤ÀúÊ·Äê±í
¡¤³¤³ÇÖØµãµã¶Î
¡¤³¤³Ç·¨Âɹ«ÎÄ¿â
¡¤³¤³Ç¾°ÇøÊý¾Ý¿â
¡¤³¤³Çר¼Ò¿â
¡¤³¤³ÇÊÓÆµÊý¾Ý¿â
¡¤Ð¡Õ¾Í¼ÊéÊÒ
¡¤±ßǽʷÁÏÊé¿â .. °¢Â×Ö÷±à
¡¤Ð¡Õ¾Ê×Ò³


¡¡³¤³ÇÎÄÏ××ÊÁϿ⠷ÖÀàä¯ÀÀ£ºÑ§¿Æ µØÓò ·¢±íʱ¼ä Äê´ú ×÷Õß ÆÚ¿¯ ÅÅÐÐ ×îÐÂÆÀÂÛ ×îиüÐÂ

ͼÊéÐÅÏ¢

¡¶Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞÓëÍòÀﳤ³Ç¡ª¡ª¼æÆÀ¡¶Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞµ½¹ýÖйúÂ𣿡·¡·

×÷¡¡¡¡Õߣº»ÆÊ±¼ø ¹¨Ó§êÌ
³ö¡¡¡¡´¦£ºÖйúÉç»á¿ÆÑ§ 1998ÄêµÚ4ÆÚ
·¢±íʱ¼ä£º1998-00-00Õý¡¡¡¡ÎÄ£º
        ±¾ÎĶÔÓ¢¹úѧÕßÎⷼ˼ÒòÂí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞÓμÇÖÐδÌáµ½³¤³ÇµÈÖйúÊÂÎï¶ø·ñ¶¨Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞµ½¹ýÖйúµÄ¹Ûµã½øÐÐÁ˱粵¡£ÎÄÕÂÈÏΪ£¬ÐÞ½¨ÓÚÇØººÊ±ÆÚµÄ³¤³Ç£¬ÖÁκ½úÒÔºóÒÑʧȥÁ˱êÖ¾ ¡­¡­
ÄúÐèÒªÔڵǼºó²ÅÄܲ鿴ȫÎÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÇëÄúµã´ËµÇ¼»òÕß½øÐÐÐÂÓû§×¢²á...>>

¼òµ¥×¢²áºó£¬¼´ÄÜÃâ·ÑÔĶÁ1000¶àƪ³¤³ÇÏà¹ØµÄÂÛÎÄ£¬»¶Ó­Äú×¢²áΪ³¤³ÇСվµÄÓû§£¬²ÎÓëÎÒÃǵĽ»Á÷£¡

²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º


¡¡¡¡1.D.F.Lach£¬Asia in the Making of Europe£¬Vol¡£I£¬book1£¬p¡£36£¬The University of Chicago Press£¬1965¡£

¡¡¡¡2.»ÆÊ±¼ø£º¡¶ÂÔ̸Âí¿É²¨ÂÞÊéµÄ³­±¾Ó뿯±¾¡·£¬¡¶Ñ§ÁÖÂþ¼¡·µÚ8¼¯£¬ÖлªÊé¾Ö1983Äê°æ¡£

¡¡¡¡3.¹úÄÚÈçÑîÖ¾¾ÁµÄ¡¶Âí¿É²¨ÂÞ×ã¼£±éÖйú¡·£¨¡¶ÄÏ¿ªÑ§±¨¡·1982ÄêµÚ6ÆÚ£©¡¢¡¶Âí¿É²¨ÂÞÓëÖйú¡·£¨¡¶»·Çò¡·1982ÄêµÚ10ÆÚ£©£¨ÒÔÉ϶þÎľùÊÕÈëÑîÖ¾¾ÁËùÖø¡¶ÔªÊ·ÈýÂÛ¡·ÖУ¬ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç1985Äê°æ£©¡¢¡¶ÔÙÂÛÂí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞÊéµÄÕæÎ±ÎÊÌâ¡·£¨ÊÕÈëÓàÊ¿ÐÛÖ÷±à¡¶ÖÐÎ÷ÎÄ»¯½»Á÷µÄÏÈÇý¡ª¡ªÂí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞ¡·£¬ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý1995Äê°æ£©£»»ÆÊ±¼øµÄ¡¶¹ØÓÚ²èÔÚ±±ÑǺÍÎ÷ÓòµÄÔçÆÚ´«²¥¡·£¨¡¶ÀúÊ·Ñо¿¡·1993ÄêµÚ1ÆÚ£©¡£

¡¡¡¡4.¸¥ÀÊÎ÷Ë¿¡¤ÎéµÂ£¨Îⷼ˼£©Öø£¬ºéÔÊÏ¢Òë¡¶Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞµ½¹ýÖйúÂ𣿡·DidMarcoPoloGotoChina£¿£¬Ð»ª³ö°æÉç1997Äê°æ¡£Îª±ãÓÚ¶ÁÕß²éºË£¬±¾ÎÄÒýÓôËÊéʱ£¬¾¡Á¿ÓÃÖÐÒë±¾£¬Ö»ÊÇÔÚÒëÎIJ»Í¬µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬×¢ÓÃÓ¢Îı¾¡£

¡¡¡¡5.¡¶Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞµ½¹ýÖйúÂ𣿡·£¬µÚ132Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡6.ÖйúÉç»á¿ÆÑ§Ôº¿¼¹ÅÑо¿Ëù£º¡¶ÐÂÖйúµÄ¿¼¹Å·¢ÏÖºÍÑо¿¡·£¬ÎÄÎï³ö°æÉç1984Äê°æ£¬µÚ400Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡7.¡¶Ê·¼Ç¡¤ÃÉÌñÁд«¡·¡£

¡¡¡¡8.²Î¼û¡¶Öйú´ó°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé¡·£¨¿¼¹Åѧ£©£¬Öйú´ó°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé³ö°æÉç1986Äê°æ£¬µÚ376Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡9.ÂÞÕÜÎÄ£º¡¶³¤³Ç°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé¡·£¬¼ªÁÖÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç1994Äê°æ£¬µÚ5Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡10.¡¶Í¨µä¡·¾íÒ»Æß°Ë¡¶ÖÝ¿¤¡¤¹Å¼½ÖÝÉÏ¡·¡£

¡¡¡¡11.¼ÖÖ޽ܣº¡¶½ð´ú³¤³Ç¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶Öйú³¤³ÇÒÅÖ·µ÷²é±¨¸æ¼¯¡·£¬ÎÄÎï³ö°æÉç1981Äê°æ¡£²Î¼ûÍõ¹úά¡¶½ð½çº¾¿¼¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶¹ÛÌü¯ÁÖ¡·µÚÈý²á£¬ÖлªÊé¾Ö1959Äê°æ¡£

¡¡¡¡12.Öìþ©£º¡¶ÍòÀﳤ³ÇÐÞ½¨µÄÑØ¸ï¡·£¬¡¶ÀúÊ·½Ìѧ¡·1955Äê12Ôºš£

¡¡¡¡13.¡°Marco Polo¡±£¬The New Encyc lopaedia Britannica£¬15th ed.£¬1988£¬Vol. 9£¬pp.571¡ª573¡£

¡¡¡¡14.¡¶ÐÂÌÆÊé¡·¾íËÄÈýÏ¡¶µØÀíÖ¾¡·ÆßÏ¡£

¡¡¡¡15.ѧÕßÃǶÔÓÚÂí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞ´ÓÄþÏĵ½ÌìµÂ¾üµÄ¾ßÌå·Ïߣ¬Ä¿Ç°»¹Óв»Í¬µÄ˵·¨¡£Óñ¶ûÈÏΪ£¬Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞ´ÓÄþÏÄÑØ»ÆºÓ±±É϶ø´ïÌìµÂ£¬²®Ï£ºÍÔòÈÏΪÂí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞÓ¦µ±ÊÇ´Ó½·¾­ÓÜÁÖ¶øÖÁÌìµÂ¡£²Î¼ûP.Pelliot£¬Notes On Marco Polo£¬Paris£¬1963£¬p.850¡£

¡¡¡¡16.¸ÊËàÊ¡²©Îï¹Ý¡¢¶Ø»ÍÏØÎÄ»¯¹Ý£º¡¶¶Ø»ÍÂíȦÍ庺´ú·éìÝÒÅÖ··¢¾ò¼ò±¨¡·£¬¡¶ÎÄÎï¡·1981ÄêµÚ10ÆÚ¡£

¡¡¡¡17.Îâæø£º¡¶ÓñÃŹØÓëÓñÃŹغ£¬¡¶ÎÄÎï¡·1981ÄêµÚ10ÆÚ¡£

¡¡¡¡18.¡¶¶Ø»Í¼¡·²Ð¾í£¨Ë¹5448ºÅ£©£¬¼ûÍõÖÙÜý¡¶¶Ø»ÍʯÊÒµØÖ¾²Ð¾í¿¼ÊÍ¡·£¬ÉϺ£¹Å¼®³ö°æÉç1993Äê°æ£¬µÚ166Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡19.¡¶É³ÖݳÇÍÁ¾³¡·£¨²®2691ºÅ£©£¬¼ûÖ£±þÁÖ¡¶¶Ø»ÍµØÀíÎÄÊé»ã¼­Ð£×¢¡·£¬¸ÊËà½ÌÓý³ö°æÉç1989Äê°æ£¬µÚ39Ò³¡£¡¶¶Ø»Í¼¡·²Ð¾í£¨Ë¹5448ºÅ£©£¬¼ûÍõÖÙÜý¡¶¶Ø»ÍʯÊÒµØÖ¾²Ð¾í¿¼ÊÍ¡·£¬ÉϺ£¹Å¼®³ö°æÉç1993Äê°æ£¬µÚ166Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡20.¶Ø»ÍÎÄÊ飬²®2005ºÅ¡£²Î¼ûÍõÖÙÜý¡¶¶Ø»ÍʯÊÒµØÖ¾²Ð¾í¿¼ÊÍ¡·£¬µÚ132Ò³£»Ö£±þÁÖ¡¶¶Ø»ÍµØÀíÎÄÊé»ã¼­Ð£×¢¡·£¬µÚ15Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡21.Èç¡¶½úÊ顤Á¹ÎäÕÑÍõÀîÐþÊ¢´«¡·Ëµ£º¡°ÐþÊ¢ÄËÐ޶ػ;ÉÈû¶«Î÷¶þΧ£¬ÒÔ·À±±Â²Ö®»¼£¬Öþ¶Ø»Í¾ÉÈûÎ÷Ä϶þΧ£¬ÒÔÍþÄϲ¡£¡±

¡¡¡¡22.¶Ø»ÍÎÄÊ飬²®3929ºÅ¡£²Î¼ûÖ£±þÁÖ¡¶¹ù»ÍµØÀíÎÄÊé»ã¼­Ð£×¢¡·£¬µÚ138Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡23.¡¶ÐÂÎå´úÊ·¡·¾íÆßËÄ¡¶ËÄÒĸ½Â¼µÚÈý¡·¡£

¡¡¡¡24.³É´óÁÖ£º¡¶Ñô¹ØÖ®ÃÕ¡·£¬¡¶ÎÄʷ֪ʶ¡·1981ÄêµÚ3ÆÚ¡£

¡¡¡¡25.´óµºÁ¢×Ó£º¡¶Ôª´úµÄ¶Ø»Í¡·£¨ÉÏ¡¢Ï£©¡¶Ãñ×åÒë´Ô¡·1984ÄêµÚ2¡¢3ÆÚ¡£

¡¡¡¡26.Ò®Âɳþ²Ä£º¡¶Î÷Óμ¡·£¬ÖлªÊé¾Ö1981Äê°æ£¬µÚ4Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡27.³Â¸ß»ª¡¢Ê·ÎÀÃñ£º¡¶ÔªÉ϶¼¡·µÚ¶þÕ£¬¼ªÁÖ½ÌÓý³ö°æÉç1988Äê°æ¡£

¡¡¡¡28.Õŵ»ԣº¡¶¼ÍÐС·£¬¡¶Çï½§ÏÈÉú´óÈ«Î·¾íÒ»£¬ËIJ¿´Ô¿¯±¾¡£

¡¡¡¡29.Íõ㢣º¡¶ÖÐÌÃʼǡ·ÉÏ£¬¡¶Çï½§ÏÈÉú´óÈ«Î·¾í°Ë¡£

¡¡¡¡30.ºÂ¾­£º¡¶Áê´¨¼¯¡·¾íÈý£¬ÎÄÔ¨¸óËÄ¿âÈ«ÊéÓ°Ó¡±¾£¬Ì¨±±¡£

¡¡¡¡31.ºÂ¾­£º¡¶Áê´¨¼¯¡·¾í°Ë£¬ÎÄÔ¨¸óËÄ¿âÈ«ÊéÓ°Ó¡±¾£¬Ì¨±±¡£

¡¡¡¡32.ºÂ¾­£º¡¶Áê´¨¼¯¡·¾íÒ»£¬ÎÄÔ¨¸óËÄ¿âÈ«ÊéÓ°Ó¡±¾£¬Ì¨±±¡£

¡¡¡¡33.ºÂ¾­£º¡¶Áê´¨¼¯¡·¾íÒ»£¬ÎÄÔ¨¸óËÄ¿âÈ«ÊéÓ°Ó¡±¾£¬Ì¨±±¡£

¡¡¡¡34.¡¶½ð»ª»ÆÏÈÉúÎ·¾íËÄ¡¶ÉϾ©µÀÖÐÔÓÊ«¡·¡£

¡¡¡¡35.¡¶Öйú´ó°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé¡·£¨¿¼¹Åѧ£©£¬µÚ332Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡36.C.R.²©¿ËÉá±à×¢£¬ºÎ¸ß¼ÃÒë¡¶Ê®ÁùÊÀ¼ÍÖйúÄϲ¿Ðм͡·£¬ÖлªÊé¾Ö1993Äê°æ£¬µÚ26Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡37.Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza£¬The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof£¬edited by Sir George T.Staunton£¬With an introduction by R.H.Major£¬London£¬printed for the Hakluyt Society£¬reprinted in Peking£¬1940£¬pp.xliv¡ªxlv.

¡¡¡¡38.C.R.Boxer£¬Joao de Barros£¬Portuguese Humanist and Historian of Asia£¬New Delhi£¬1981£¬pp.106£­107.Ò»°ãÈÏΪ£¬°ÍÂå˹ÊǵÚһλ¼ÇÊö³¤³ÇµÄÅ·ÖÞÈË£¬µ«ÎÒÃÇ·¢ÏÖÉÏÎÄÌáµ½µÄÄÇλÄäÃû´«½ÌÊ¿¸üÔçһЩ£¬¿ÉϧËûµÄÃû×ÖûÓÐÁ÷´«ÏÂÀ´¡£

¡¡¡¡39.D.F.Lach£¬Asia in the Making of Europe£¬Vol.I£¬p.739£¬Chicago and London£¬1965.

¡¡¡¡40.C.R.²©¿ËÉá±à×¢£¬ºÎ¸ß¼ÃÒë¡¶Ê®ÁùÊÀ¼ÍÖйúÄϲ¿Ðм͡·£¬µÚ49¡¢60Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡41.¡¶Ê®ÁùÊÀ¼ÍÖйúÄϲ¿Ðм͡·£¬µÚ187Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡42.Ó¢ÒëÕß×¢Ochyoy¼´ÉÂÎ÷µÄHo£­chow¡£Ã÷³¤³ÇÎ÷Æð¼ÎÓø¹Ø£¬µ±Ê±Á¥ÉÂÎ÷ËàÖÝ¡£Ho£­chowµÄÖÐÎĵØÃû£¬ÎâÃÏÑ©×÷¡°ºÓÖÝ¡±£¬¼ûÆä¡¶Ã÷ÇåÅ·È˶ÔÖйúÓߵصÄÑо¿£¨¶þ£©¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶ÎÄʷ֪ʶ¡·1994ÄêµÚ2ÆÚ¡£µ«ºÓÖÝλÓÚÃ÷³¤³ÇÒÔÄÏ£¬²¢²»ÔÚ³¤³ÇÏßÉÏ£¬¹ÊOchyoyËùÖ¸ºÎµØ£¬Éдý¿¼Ö¤¡£

¡¡¡¡43.À­´ïµÄÔ­Öø¼Ç³¤³ÇΪCincioËùÖþ¡£TzintzonÓëCincioµ±Ö¸ÇØÊ¼»Ê£¬»ò¼´¡°ÇØÊ¼»Ê¡±µÄ¶ÔÒôÒìд¡£ÎâÃÏÑ©½«TzintzonÒëΪ¡°ÙøÕþ¡±£¬¼û¡¶Ê®ÁùÊÀ¼ÍÖйúÄϲ¿Ðм͡·¡£

¡¡¡¡44.Ôڴ󺽺£ÒÔÀ´µÄÎ÷ÎÄÎÄÏ×ÖУ¬CantonÒ»°ãÖ¸³Æ¹ãÖÝ£¬µ«´Ë´¦µÄCantonµ±Ö¸¡°¹Ø¶«¡±¡£²Î¼ûϽÒÃŶàÈøÊéÓ¢Òë±¾µÚ28Ò³×¢2¡£

¡¡¡¡45.Paguia£¬µ±Ö¸±±Ö±Á¥£¬²Î¼ûϽÒÃŶàÈøÊéÓ¢Òë±¾£¬µÚ22Ò³×¢1¡£CansayºÍSusuan£¬ÃŶàÈøÓ¢Òë±¾ºÍ²©¿ËÉáÊé¾ùÈÏΪÊǽ­Î÷ºÍËÄ´¨£¬µ«´Ë´¦ÓÃÒÔ¼ÇÊö³¤³Ç£¬ÏÔÈ»²»Í×£¬Óдý¼ÌÐøÑо¿¡£

¡¡¡¡46.J.G.de Mendoza£¬The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof£¬pp.28¡ª29¡£

¡¡¡¡47.¡¶Ê®ÁùÊÀ¼ÍÖйúÄϲ¿Ðм͡·£¬µÚ1Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡48.ºÎ¸ß¼Ã¡¢Íõ×ñÖÙ¡¢ÀîÉêÒë¡¶ÀûÂêñ¼ÖйúÔý¼Ç¡·£¬ÖлªÊé¾Ö1983Äê°æ£¬µÚ7¡¢559¡¢558Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡49.ÅÓµÏÎÒ£º¡¶Ò»Ð©Ò®öÕ»áÊ¿½øÈëÖйú¼ÍʵÒÔ¼°ËûÃÇÔÚÕâÒ»¹ú¶È¿´µ½µÄÌØÊâÇé¿öÓë¸Ã¹ú¹ÌÓеÄÒýÈËעĿµÄÊÂÎï¡·£¬ÈûάÀûÑÇ1605Äê°æ£¬µÚ56Ò³¡£×ªÒý×ÔÕÅîø¡¶16ÊÀ¼ÍÅ·ÖÞµÄÖйú¹Û¡ª¡ªÃŶàÈø¼°Æä¡´´óÖлªµÛ¹úÊ·¡µ¡·£¬ÔØ»ÆÊ±¼øÖ÷±à¡¶¶«Î÷ÎÄ»¯½»Á÷ÂÛÌ·¡·£¬ÉϺ£ÎÄÒÕ³ö°æÉç1998Äê°æ¡£

¡¡¡¡50.D.F.Lach£¬Asia in the Making of Europe£¬Vol.I£¬book1£¬p.224£»book2£¬p.817.

¡¡¡¡51.ÀîТ´Ï£º¡¶Å·ÖÞËù²Ø²¿·ÖÖÐÎĹŵØÍ¼µÄµ÷²éÓëÑо¿¡·£¬¡¶¹úѧÑо¿¡·µÚÈý¾í£¬±±¾©´óѧ³ö°æÉç1995Äê°æ¡£

¡¡¡¡52.D.F.Lach£¬Asia in the Making of Europe£¬Vol.¢ó£¬book4£¬Í¼°æ284¡ª292¡£

¡¡¡¡53.James Orange£¬The Chater Collection£ºPictures Relating to China£¬Hongkong£¬Macao£¬1665¡ª1860£¬London£¬1924£¬Section¢ó£¬No¡£10£»Section¢û£¬No.4.

¡¡¡¡54.°®Äá˹¡¤°²µÂÑ·Öø£¬·ÑÕñ¶«Ò롶Ӣʹ·Ã»ªÂ¼¡·£¬ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý1963Äê°æ£¬µÚ119Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡55.˹µ±¶«Öø¡¢Ò¶óÆÒåÒ롶ӢʹÚ˼ûǬ¡¼Íʵ¡·£¬ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý1963Äê°æ£¬µÚ342¡ª343Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡56.¡¶Ó¢Ê¹Ú˼ûǬ¡¼Íʵ¡·£¬µÚ344Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡57.F.Wood£¬Did Marco Polo Go to China£¿p.101.

¡¡¡¡58.¡¶Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞµ½¹ýÖйúÂ𣿡·£¬µÚ202Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡59.¡¶Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞµ½¹ýÖйúÂ𣿡·£¬µÚ4Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡60.¡¶¹ØÓÚÂí¿É²¨ÂÞÀ뻪µÄÒ»¶Îºº¼ÇÔØ¡·£¬¡¶ÎÄÊ·ÔÓÖ¾¡·µÚ1¾íµÚ12ÆÚ£¬1941Äê12ÔÂÖØÇì¡£ÊÕÈëÑîÖ¾¾ÁÖø¡¶ÔªÊ·ÈýÂÛ¡·£¬ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç1985Äê°æ¡£

¡¡¡¡61.É϶ÎÓë±¾¶ÎµÄÎÄÏ××ÊÁÏ£¬Çë²Î¿¼ÖйúµÚÒ»ÀúÊ·µµ°¸¹Ý±à¡¶Ó¢Ê¹Âíê©¶ûÄØ·Ã»ªµµ°¸Ê·ÁÏ»ã±à¡·£¬¹ú¼ÊÎÄ»¯³ö°æ¹«Ë¾1996Äê°æ¡£

¡¡¡¡62.The Book of Ser Marco Polo£¬translated and edited£¬with notes£¬by Colonel Sir Henry Yule£¬Revised by Henri Cordier£¬London£¬1926£¬pp.110£ß111.

¡¡¡¡63.Nigel Cameron£¬Barbarians and Mandarins£¬Oxford University Press£¬1989£¬pp.63,65.

¡¡¡¡64.¡¶Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞµ½¹ýÖйúÂ𣿡·£¬µÚ99Ò³¡£

¡¡¡¡65.¡¶Âí¿É¡¤²¨ÂÞµ½¹ýÖйúÂ𣿡·£¬µÚ97Ò³¡£
±¾ÎÄÓÉÖ¾Ô¸Õߣº¡¾¿´¿Í ¡¿ÊÕ¼¯ÕûÀíÉÏÏß¡£
[ ·µ»Ø ]
¡¡ÆÀÂÛ
·¢ÑÔÇë×ñÊØÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹ú·¨ÂÉ Óû§Ãû: ÃÜÂë:
Èô²»ÌîÓû§Ãû£¬ÔòÏÔʾÁôÑÔÕßΪ[ÄäÃû]¡£ÈôÌîдÓû§ÃûÓëÃÜÂ룬Ôò»á½øÐÐÈÏÖ¤²¢µÇ¼(¸ÃµÇ¼״̬²»Äܱ£Áô£¬µ±ä¯ÀÀÆ÷¹Ø±ÕºóµÇ¼½áÊø£¬ÈçÐè±£ÁôµÇ½״̬£¬µã´ËµÇ½)¡£Èç¹ûֻдÓû§Ãû²»Ð´ÃÜÂ룬ÔòÏÔʾΪ¡°[δÑéÖ¤] ÄúÊäÈëµÄÓû§Ãû¡£¡±£¬ÄäÃû»òÕßδÑéÖ¤µÄÁôÑÔ½«²»¿É±à¼­¡¢É¾³ý
ÑéÖ¤Â룺ͼƬÓÉСд×ÖĸºÍÊý×Ö×é³É£¬¿´²»ÇåÇëµ¥»÷ˢРÇëÔÚ×ó²à¿òÖÐÊäÈëÓÒ²àͼÖеÄ×Öĸ»òÕßÊý×Ö£¬Èç¿´²»ÇåÇëµ¥»÷Ë¢ÐÂ
±ê¡¡Ìâ: ¡¡
ÆÀ¡¡ÂÛ:
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡[:³¬ÔÞ£¡:] [:ºÃ£¡:] [:ÇÔЦ:] [:Ц¶ø²»Óï:] [:º¹£¡:] [:‡å£¡:]
±í¡¡Çé: [:´ó¿Þ£¡:] [:¾Ï¹ª:] [:Ò®£¡£¡:] [:ÑöĽ:] [:ɧ£¡:] [:ÐÑÒ»ÐÑ:]
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡

¡¡
[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Joeann (2025-07-31 09:09:03)
This piece of writing is in fact a pleasant one it helps new net visitors, who are wishing
for blogging.

Here is my homepage; آغاز ثبت نام آزمون پیش ورزی و علوم پایه ۱۴۰۴



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Rosaura (2025-07-31 08:20:39)
First of all I would like to say fantastic blog!
I had a quick question that I'd like to ask if you don't mind.
I was interested to find out how you center yourself and clear your head prior to writing.

I have had a tough time clearing my mind in getting my thoughts
out. I do enjoy writing but it just seems like the first 10 to 15 minutes
are generally wasted just trying to figure out how to begin. Any suggestions or hints?
Appreciate it!

Take a look at my homepage: مراحل انجام خودارزیابی پروژه مهر توسط مدیران مدارس



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Steven (2025-07-31 06:47:26)
Taking to the popular Reddit forum Am I The Ahole, a 20-year-old biology student thought to be from the US told how he gave his pregnant nurse sister a list of nasty medical terms that could double as girls' names.



Feel free to visit my web site viagra length



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Tammara (2025-07-31 06:46:32)
It is generally not recommended to take ephedrine and Viagra together without consulting a healthcare professional.


my web blog; lisinopril tablets



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Latanya (2025-07-31 03:22:32)
Whats up very cool site!! Guy .. Beautiful .. Wonderful
.. I will bookmark your website and take the feeds additionally?
I am happy to find a lot of helpful information here within the post, we'd like develop extra strategies in this regard, thanks
for sharing. . . . . .

Here is my site :: رشته حقوق بدون کنکور



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Mona (2025-07-31 01:55:04)
It's amazing to pay a quick visit this website and reading the views of all friends about this article, while I am also zealous of getting experience.


My web blog :: نتایج نقل و انتقالات برون استانی ۱۴۰۴



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Ashlee (2025-07-31 01:48:05)
Very descriptive article, I liked that bit. Will there be a
part 2?

Visit my web site :: رشته حسابداری بدون کنکور



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Angelika (2025-07-31 00:48:10)
Remarkable! Its in fact awesome paragraph, I have got much clear idea about from
this post.

My blog: کد رشته های دانشگاه پیام نور



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Jeff (2025-07-30 23:34:55)
Having read this I thought it was extremely enlightening.
I appreciate you finding the time and energy
to put this short article together. I once again find myself spending way too much time both
reading and commenting. But so what, it was still worthwhile!


Feel free to surf to my web page ... superslot



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Erma (2025-07-30 21:48:27)
It is the best time to make a few plans for the future and it is time to
be happy. I've read this publish and if I could I desire to
suggest you some fascinating issues or suggestions.
Perhaps you can write subsequent articles regarding this article.

I want to learn even more things about it!

Feel free to visit my blog post رشته روانشناسی بدون کنکور



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±?�§댣?i?ɡ¤???ԫβo?¤?0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Tony (2025-07-30 19:26:48)
Усильте позиции сайта быстро и эффективно!

Закажите прогон Хрумером и ГСА по супернизкой цене —
гарантия роста трафика и улучшения SEO-показателей вашего ресурса.

Только проверенные базы и индивидуальный подход к каждому проекту.

Увеличьте посещаемость и прибыль
прямо сейчас! больще ифрмации можно получить здесь ===> ЗДЕСЬ



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Elsie (2025-07-30 19:09:39)
Great beat ! I wish to apprentice at the same time as you amend your web site, how can i subscribe
for a blog site? The account helped me a acceptable deal.
I were tiny bit familiar of this your broadcast offered bright transparent idea

my web blog :: دانلود آی گپ دانشگاه آزاد



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Dick (2025-07-30 17:29:43)
Hi there! This is kind of off topic but I need some help from an established blog.

Is it very difficult to set up your own blog? I'm not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty quick.
I'm thinking about creating my own but I'm not sure where to begin. Do you have any ideas
or suggestions? Thank you

Also visit my website; مشاهده کارنامه دانشجویی دانشگاه پیام نور



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Ross (2025-07-30 16:38:19)
Hey there just wanted to give you a brief heads
up and let you know a few of the images aren't loading correctly.
I'm not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I've tried it in two different web browsers
and both show the same results.

My blog; power of short messages



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Bev (2025-07-30 16:36:50)
What's up friends, how is everything, and what you would like to say on the topic
of this piece of writing, in my view its genuinely remarkable in support of
me.

Also visit my web-site - تعداد واحدهای هر ترم دانشگاه پیام نور



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Quincy (2025-07-30 15:44:37)
Superb website you have here but I was curious if you knew of any user
discussion forums that cover the same topics discussed here?
I'd really like to be a part of online community where I can get suggestions from
other experienced people that share the same interest. If you have any
suggestions, please let me know. Cheers!

Here is my webpage تسویه حساب دانشگاه پیام نور



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Sven (2025-07-30 15:28:29)
Nice weblog right here! Also your website a lot up fast! What host are you using?
Can I get your affiliate link in your host? I wish
my website loaded up as fast as yours lol

my webpage; مشاهده برنامه کلاسی پیام نور ۱۴۰۴-۱۴۰۵



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Jefferson (2025-07-30 15:01:48)
Woah! I'm really enjoying the template/theme of this website.
It's simple, yet effective. A lot of times it's very difficult to get that "perfect balance" between superb usability and visual appearance.
I must say that you've done a great job with this. Additionally, the blog loads
super quick for me on Opera. Outstanding Blog!


Also visit my site: instant twitter retweets



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Alfonso (2025-07-30 14:13:39)
I think this is among the most important info for me.

And i'm glad reading your article. But should remark on some general things, The
website style is perfect, the articles is really great :
D. Good job, cheers

my blog :: آغاز مجدد ثبت نام آزمون ملی انتقال به داخل ۱۴۰۴ وزارت بهداشت



[ ±à¼­ | ɾ³ý ]
»NJ±¼�§댣ºí¿ɡ¤²¨Þԫβo³¤³0 -- [δÑéÖ¤] Luigi (2025-07-30 07:53:57)
Howdy this is kind of of off topic but I was wanting to know if
blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with
HTML. I'm starting a blog soon but have no
coding know-how so I wanted to get advice from someone with experience.
Any help would be greatly appreciated!

Also visit my blog :: موجه شدن غیبت دانشجویان شرکت کننده مراسم اربعین ۱۴۰۴



¡¡ÁôÑÔ×ÜÊý114Ìû¡¡Ò³´Î:1/6¡¡Ã¿Ò³:20Ìõ¡¡ÏÂÒ»Ò³
¡¡¡¡